Over the past decade or so, image-guided surgery has evolved to permit surgeons to navigate areas that are visually restricted in the cranium, spine, and sinus passages. These tools, based on diagnostic images taken before the operation, give surgeons roadmaps with landmarks upon which to follow trackable surgical instruments during surgery. However, in the case of tissue resections, organs and structures often shift, so that the surgeon can no longer be sure of their instrument's precise location in the body.
In recent years, imaged-guided surgery companies have begun to incorporate real-time imaging modalities, for example, C-arm fluoroscopy or ultrasound, in systems to give surgeons more accurate views of the surgical field. Soft tissue like tumors, however, can only be imaged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, and economics and logistics have, to date, prevented surgeons from having intraoperative access to MRI
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